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Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestation, pathological type, treatment and prognosis of primary lung tumors in children. Methods: We collected and retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestation, pathological type, therapeutic method and prognosis of 56 primary lung tumors patients who diagnosed from 2009 to 2019 in Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center. Results: There were 56 patients identified as the primary lung tumors, including pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB, n=28), pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT, n=20), mucoepidermoid carcinoma(n=6), infantile hemangioma (n=1), pulmonary sclerosing hermangioma(n=1). Respiratory symptoms were the most manifestation at the time of diagnosis including 26 patients with cough, 3 with hemoptysis, and 17 with dyspnea. Others included 15 with fever, 3 with chest pain, and 2 with epigastiric pain. The primary tumor of 18 cases were located in the lower lobe of left lung, 11 cases in the lower lobe of right lung, 10 cases in the upper lobe of left lung, 7 cases in the upper lobe of right lung, 6 cases in the middle lobe of right lung, and 4 cases in pulmonary hilum. Among the 56 patients, 41 patients underwent thoracotomy, 13 thoracoscopy, and 2 fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Five patients with type Ⅰ PPB were still alive at the end of follow-up without chemotherapy. Among 5 patients with type Ⅱ PPB, 2 patients without chemotherapy died after recurrence, 3 patients suffered postoperative chemotherapy were still alive at the end of follow-up. All of the 18 patients with type Ⅲ PPB underwent postoperative chemotherapy with IVADo regimen. Recurrence occurred in 6 cases, distant metastasis occurred in 3 cases, and cancer-related deaths occurred in 8 cases. For 20 patients with IMT, recurrence occurred in 5 of 13 patients experienced wedge resection, 1 of 6 patients experienced lobectomy and 1 of 6 underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy, respectively. For 6 mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients, lobectomy was carried on 5 patients, wedge resection on 1 patient, all of them were still alive at the end of follow-up. One hermangioma patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and other 1 sclerosing hermangioma patient underwent wedge resection, both of them were still alive at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of the primary lung tumors in children are nonspecific. Complete resection and achieving negative marginattribute to the excellent outcome. Adjunctive treatment such as chemotherapy is necessary for patients with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ PPB.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Bronchoscopy , Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Pulmonary Blastoma/surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
We investigated the contamination,antimicrobial resistance and the virulence genes carriage of Salmonella spp. in duck slaughter chain.Suspected strains were isolated from slaughterhouse samples according to GB 4789.4-2010 and identi-fied by duplex PCR,and then the positive strains were used for serotype analysis.Subsequently,positive strains were tested against 10 different antimicrobial agents using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,the results were determined on the basis of CLSI standard.Finally,9 virulence genes were detected among positive strains by PCR.The results showed that 9 9 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 343 samples and total isolation rate was 28.86%.The prevalence of Salmonella before slaughte-ring,at depilation stage,at evisceration stage,in duck meat and after slaughtering was 45.71%,22.68%,24.72%, 38.33% and 25.81%,respectively.Seven serotypes were de-tected and most of them were S.Indiana,S.Newlands,S. Anatum.The Salmonella isolates were most frequently re-sistant to nalidixic acid(91.92%),the resistance rates of tet-racycline (43.43%),ampicillin (42.42%),trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (34.34%),ciprofloxacin (29.29%),ceftri-axone (27.27%),gentamycin (24.24%),and kanamycin (22.22%)were at a medium level.The resistance rates of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (9.09%)and minocycline (6.06%)were relatively low.The multi-drug resistance rate of Salmonella isolates,which was 47.47%,showed a high especially in S.Indi-ana,S.Typhi and S.Typhimurium.It was notable that the harboring rates of virulence gene spvR(94.95%),avrA (93.94%),ssaQ(90.91%),mgtC(87.88%),sopB(83.84%),bcfC(80.81%),siiD(77.78%)among Salmonella isolates were at high level,in contrast to the lower carriage rates of spvB(29.29%),spvC (11.11%).In summary,the results indica-ted that the duck slaughter chain was easily contaminated by Salmonella spp.with different serotypes,different antibiotic re-sistant patterns and high virulence genes harboring rate.Relevant slaughterhouse and departments should strengthen supervi-sion in sanitation and manage the use of antimicrobial agents,to guarantee food safety and public health．
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To investigate the contamination conditions of Campylobacter spp.in duck production chain and its antimicrobial resistance,virulence gene distribution,samples were collected at the duck slaughterhouse according to GB 4789.9-2014.Triplex PCR assay was applied to identify the species of Campylobacter and the recovered Campylobacter strains were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against 8 kinds of antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method,the susceptibility results were determined according to the NARMS criteria (2011).Subsequently,4 virulence genes were detected by PCR method.The result showed that 187 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 489 samples,including 160 C.jejuni,130 C.coli and 10 unidentified Campylobacter isolates.The total isolation rate of Campylobacter was 38.24％.The prevalence of Camnpytobacter before slaughtering,at depilation stage,evisceration stage and duck products was 76.33％,5.62％,24.00％,and 0％,respectively.The Campylobacter isolates were most frequently resistant to tetracycline (95.72 ％),followed by resistance to clindamycin(90.91％),the resistance rate of azithromycin (63.64％) was in the middle,the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin(31.02％),gentamicin(34.76％),nalidixic acid (37.43 ％),erythromycin (41.18 ％),chloramphenicol (41.18％) were relatively low.The multi-drug resistance was common among Campylobacter isolates with a rate of 72.19％.The prevalence of adhesion-associated gene cadF,flagellin gene flaA,invasion associated protein gene iamA,toxin regulation gene cdtB was 100％,80.75 ％,71.12％ and 94.65％,respectively.The results indicated that the Campylobacter contamination occurred in the slaughtering procedures of duck,and the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates was relatively serious.In addition,the virulence-associated genes were detected widely among Campylobacter isolates.Therefore,the supervision of antimicrobial agents using at rearing stage should be strengthened,along with health management in duck production chain.
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This study aims to investigate the function of two SNPs (rs8904C > T and rs696G > A) in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of NFKBIA gene by constructing luciferase reporter gene. A patient's genomic DNA with rs8904 CC and rs696 GA genotype was used as the PCR template. Full-length 3'UTR of NFKBIA gene was amplified by different primers. After sequencing validation, these fragments were inserted to the luciferase reporter vector, pGL3-promoter to construct recombinant plasmids containing four kinds of haplotypes, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A, pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A. Then these plasmids were transfected into LS174T cells and the luciferase activity was detected. Compared with pGL3- vector transfected cells (negative control), the luciferase activity of the four kinds of recombinant plasmids was significantly decreased (P A, the luciferase activity of the recombinant plasmids containing A allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A) was about 45.1% (P P T, there were no significant differences in the luciferase activity between the recombinant plasmids containing T allele and those with C allele. Together, the luciferase reporter gene vectors containing SNPs in NFKBIA gene 3'UTR were constructed successfully and rs696G > A could decrease the luciferase activity while rs8904C > T didn't have much effect on the luciferase activity.
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This study aims to investigate the function of two SNPs (rs8904C > T and rs696G >A) in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of NFKBIA gene by constructing luciferase reporter gene. A patient's genomic DNA with rs8904 CC and rs696 GA genotype was used as the PCR template. Full-length 3'UTR of NFKBIA gene was amplified by different primers. After sequencing validation, these fragments were inserted to the luciferase reporter vector, pGL3-promoter to construct recombinant plasmids containing four kinds of haplotypes, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A, pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A. Then these plasmids were transfected into LS174T cells and the luciferase activity was detected. Compared with pGL3-vector transfected cells (negative control), the luciferase activity of the four kinds of recombinant plasmids was significantly decreased (P A, the luciferase activity of the recombinant plasmids containing A allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A) was about 45.1% (P T, there were no significant differences in the luciferase activity between the recombinant plasmids containing T allele and those with C allele. Together, the luciferase reporter gene vectors containing SNPs in NFKBIA gene 3'UTR were constructed successfully and rs696G > A could decrease the luciferase activity while rs8904C >T didn't have much effect on the luciferase activity.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the function of two SNPs (rs8904C > T and rs696G >A) in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of NFKBIA gene by constructing luciferase reporter gene. A patient's genomic DNA with rs8904 CC and rs696 GA genotype was used as the PCR template. Full-length 3'UTR of NFKBIA gene was amplified by different primers. After sequencing validation, these fragments were inserted to the luciferase reporter vector, pGL3-promoter to construct recombinant plasmids containing four kinds of haplotypes, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G, pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A, pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A. Then these plasmids were transfected into LS174T cells and the luciferase activity was detected. Compared with pGL3-vector transfected cells (negative control), the luciferase activity of the four kinds of recombinant plasmids was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). For rs696G > A, the luciferase activity of the recombinant plasmids containing A allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696A and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696A) was about 45.1% (P < 0.05) and 56.1% (P < 0.001) lower than those containing G allele (pGL3-rs8904C/rs696G and pGL3-rs8904T/rs696G), respectively. For rs8904C > T, there were no significant differences in the luciferase activity between the recombinant plasmids containing T allele and those with C allele. Together, the luciferase reporter gene vectors containing SNPs in NFKBIA gene 3'UTR were constructed successfully and rs696G > A could decrease the luciferase activity while rs8904C >T didn't have much effect on the luciferase activity.
Subject(s)
Humans , 3' Untranslated Regions , Genes, Reporter , Genetic Vectors , I-kappa B Proteins , Genetics , Luciferases , NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha , Plasmids , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Promoter Regions, Genetic , TransfectionABSTRACT
Aim To develop an in vitro high throughput drug screening system based on reporter gene assay for identification of novel compounds with PXR, FXR and LXRα agonist activity. Methods The expressions of exogenous PXR, FXR and LXRαgene in HEK293, HepG2 and LS174T cells were examined by Real-Time quantity PCR. pSG5-hPXR and pGL3-XREM-CYP3A4, pEGFP-N3-hFXR and EcRE-TK-Luc, pCMX-FLAG-hLXRα and pGL3-XREM-CYP3A4 were cotransfected into cells and the optimal ratio of three plasmids was determined. The dose-response relationship between the positive drug and the fold induction was determined. The specificity of the model was ex-amined, and the repeatability was also determined by Z′ value. Results ① The PXR, FXR and LXRα mRNA expression in HEK293 cell is low among three different cells. ②reporter gene vector and expression plasmid ratio of 1∶ 1, 2∶ 1 and 2∶ 1 were proved to be suitable for highest relative luciferase activity for PXR, FXR or LXRα agonist screening model. ③ The relative luciferase activity was induced by Rif, CDCA or T0901317 in a dose-dependent manner. ④Only Rif, CDCA or T0901317 could significantly increase the relative luciferase activity in PXR,FXR or LXRα agonist screening model, no effect of other nuclear re-ceptors agonist was observed, and the values of Z′-factor for PXR, FXR and LXRαagonist screening model were 0. 58, 0. 66 and 0. 63, respectively. Conclusion An in vitro PXR, FXR and LXRα agonist high-throughput screening models are devel-oped with acceptable specificity and repeatability, and the mod-els can be used to screen PXR, FXR and LXRα agonist.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical value of gastric tube esophagoplasty for complicated corrosive stricture of the esophagus in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed to study 7 patients with complicated corrosive stricture of the esophagus who were treated with gastric tube esophagoplasty via retrosternal route between March 2010 and October 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three patients had a stricture longer than 2.5 cm, and 4 patients had more than one stricture. All the operations went well. The average time for mechanical ventilation postoperatively was 6 hours. No patients showed insufficient ventilation after withdraw of ventilator. There was 1 patient developed anastomotic leak which was healed a week later. One patient had anastomotic leak with pyloric obstruction, and the leak was healed 3 weeks after intraoperative placement of duodenal feeding tube and pyloric obstruction became patent 4 weeks later. There were 2 patients developed anastomotic stricture and they resumed normal diet after balloon dilatation. The average follow-up duration was 10.5 months. The quality of life was improved and no other complications were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gastric tube esophagoplasty is a effective alternative for complicated corrosive stricture of the esophagus and the short-term outcomes are favorable.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Burns, Chemical , Cicatrix , Esophageal Stenosis , General Surgery , Esophagoplasty , Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Stomach , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Drug metabolism will change significantly during inflammation, including the reduction of expression and activity of many drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Body would release a series of inflammatory cytokines which can regulate drug metabolizing enzymes. Recent studies have revealed that drug transporters are also regulated by the cytokines with obvious species difference. Mechanism studies show that several transcription factors play important roles during the signal pathways of regulation. This review focuses on the progress in the regulation of drug transporters during inflammation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11 , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B , Metabolism , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters , Metabolism , Biological Transport , Inflammation , Metabolism , Membrane Transport Proteins , Metabolism , Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins , Metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Organic Anion Transporters , Metabolism , Organic Cation Transport Proteins , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Drug metabolism will change significantly during inflammation, including the reduction of expression and activity of many drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Body would release a series of inflammatory cytokines which can regulate drug metabolizing enzymes. Recent studies have revealed that drug transporters are also regulated by the cytokines with obvious species difference. Mechanism studies show that several transcription factors play important roles during the signal pathways of regulation. This review focuses on the progress in the regulation of drug transporters during inflammation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (hMGMT) in the development of human lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was applied to measure hMGMT mRNA expression in 150 lung cancer specimens, 40 normal lung tissues, and in the peripheral mononuclear blood cells from 50 lung cancer cases and 50 normal controls. The protein expressions of p53, C-MYC and K-RAS were assessed by immuno-histochemistry. The effects of some exposure factors on the expression of hMGMT gene were analyzed. The relationships between hMGMT gene and cancer related genes p53, C-MYC and K-RAS were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA of hMGMT was low or absent in 49 of 150 (32.7%) lung cancer specimens, whereas 2 of 40 (5%) normal lung tissues had reduced the levels of hMGMT mRNA. The low expression of hMGMT seemed to be a risk factor of lung cancer, with a OR of 9.22 (2.05-57.65). Reduced expression levels of hMGMT mRNA were observed in 10 of 50 (20%) lung cancer patients' peripheral mononuclear blood cells, and 2 of 50 (4%) blood cells among normal controls. When investigating the exposure factors which affecting the expression of hMGMT gene, we noticed that smoking was suppressing the expression of hMGMT gene. Interestingly, over-expression of K-RAS oncogene was significantly correlated with low expression of hMGMT (P < 0.05). However, the expressions of p53 and C-myc were not correlated with the status of hMGMT gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hMGMT might play an important role in the development of human lung cancer. Low expression of hMGMT gene seemed to be a risk factor for lung cancer which could be used as a valuable biomarker on susceptibility of human lung cancers.</p>